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state within a state
State within a state is a political situation in a country when an internal organ ("Deep State"), such as the armed forces, intelligence agencies, or police, does not respond to the civilian leadership. The term, like many in politics, derives from the Greek language (κράτος εν κράτει, ''kratos en kratei'', later adopted into Latin as ''imperium in imperio''〔from Baruch Spinoza: ''Tractatus politicus'', Caput II, § 6.〕 or ''status in statu'').
Sometimes, the term refers to state companies that, though formally under the command of the government, act ''de facto'' like private corporations. Sometimes, the term refers to companies that, though formally private, act ''de facto'' like "states within a state".〔Daniel De Leon: ("Imperium in imperio" ) in: ''Daily People'', June 4, 1903.〕
Certain political debates surrounding the separation of church and state revolve around the perception that if left unchecked, the Church might turn into a kind of State within a State, an illegitimate outgrowth of the State's natural civil power.〔Cf William Blackstone, Commentaries on the Laws of England, IV, c.4 ss. iii.2, p.
*54, where the charge of being ''imperium in imperio'' was notably levied against the Church〕
''Imperium in imperio'' was also the first state motto of Ohio, reflecting its great size and influence within the early United States. The motto proved unpopular and was replaced two years later.
==Alleged cases of “state within a state”==
*Algeria's Department of Intelligence and Security
*Brazil's Army between the 1940s and 1980s
*British Guiana's Booker-McConnell
*Cameroon's Cameroon Development Corporation
*Egypt's Muslim Brotherhood
*Egypt's Supreme Council of the Armed Forces
*Francoist Spain's military forces
*German Confederation's Zollverein
*German Empire's Deutsches Heer
*Guatemala's United Fruit Company
*Honduras's United Fruit Company
*Imperial Japan's Army and the Kwantung Army
*Ministry of Finance (Japan)
*Iran's IRGC
*Iran's SAVAK
*Iraq's and Syria's ISIL
*Iraq's Iraqi Kurdistan
*Italy's Propaganda Due〔(BBC On This Day: May 26, 1981 )〕
*Ivan the Terrible's Oprichnina
*Jordan's PLO
*Lebanon's PLO
*Lebanon's Hezbollah
*Nazi Germany's Schutzstaffel
*Nazi Germany's Wehrmacht
*North Vietnam's Viet Cong
*Ottoman Empire's Committee of Union and Progress
*Ottoman Empire's Janissaries
*Ottoman Empire's Karakol society
*Ottoman Empire's Young Turks
*Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence〔(Who Controls Pakistan's Powerful ISI? ), ''Radio Free Europe'', August 14, 2008〕
*PDVSA in pre-Chávez Venezuela
*Philippines' Iglesia ni Cristo
*Safavid Persia's Qizilbash
*South Vietnam's ARVN
*Soviet Union's KGB
*Turkey's Deep State
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*Counter-Guerrilla
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*Ergenekon
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*Grey Wolves
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*JİTEM
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*Special Forces Command (ex Special Warfare Department)
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*Tactical Mobilization Group
*United States's Intelligence Community, military–industrial complex, CIA or NSA
*Weimar Republic's Reichswehr
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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